Course Content
🔬 Station 1 — Microscopic Identification of Acute Inflammation
Learning Outcomes Identify inflammatory cells on a provided microscopic slide. Identify the histopathological changes of acute appendicitis. Relate the demonstrated microscopic findings to acute inflammation.
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Microscopic Identification of Acute Inflammation
🔬 Station 2 — Microscopic Identification of Chronic and Granulomatous Inflammation
Learning Outcomes Identify the morphological changes of chronic inflammation in a provided specimen/slide. Identify the characteristic cells and their arrangement in a granuloma. Distinguish the demonstrated chronic inflammatory pattern from acute inflammation when asked.
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Microscopic Identification of Chronic and Granulomatous Inflammation
🔬 Station 3 — Identification of Granulation Tissue
Learning Outcomes Identify granulation tissue on a provided histopathology slide/image. Identify its characteristic microscopic features. Distinguish granulation tissue from granulomatous inflammation when asked.
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Identification of Granulation Tissue
🧪 Station 4 — Performance and Interpretation of Bacterial Biochemical Tests
Learning Outcomes Perform the bacterial biochemical test provided at the station using the appropriate technique. Observe and interpret the test result. Report the test as positive or negative based on the demonstrated reaction.
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Performance and Interpretation of Bacterial Biochemical Tests
🧫 Station 5 — Identification of Culture Media and Hemolysis on Blood Agar
Learning Outcomes Identify the provided microbiological culture medium. Recognize blood agar, mannitol salt agar, chocolate medium or Cary-Blair transport medium when presented. Identify the demonstrated pattern of hemolysis on blood agar.
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Identification of Culture Media and Hemolysis on Blood Agar
🚑 Station 6 — Demonstration of Gastric Lavage
Learning Outcomes Demonstrate the sequence of steps involved in gastric lavage using the provided model/manikin and equipment. Demonstrate safe handling and appropriate procedural sequence. State the essential precaution(s) relevant to the procedure when asked.
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Demonstration of Gastric Lavage
💊 Station 7 — Prescription Writing for Common Infectious Diseases Acute Tonsillitis / Malaria
Learning Outcomes Construct a complete prescription for the supplied infectious-disease scenario. Select appropriate medication with dose, route, frequency and duration. Demonstrate essential principles of safe and rational prescription writing.
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Prescription Writing for Common Infectious Diseases Acute Tonsillitis / Malaria
🦴🔍 Station 8 — Forensic Personal Identification: Bone or Hair/Fibre
Learning Outcomes Determine human sex from a provided bone or identify human hair microscopically, according to the station material. Identify the relevant distinguishing characteristics supporting the conclusion. Differentiate human hair from fibre when that specimen is provided.
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Forensic Personal Identification: Bone or Hair/Fibre
🦠 Station 9 — Laboratory Identification of Common Parasites
Learning Outcomes Identify the supplied parasite/specimen from a laboratory slide or specimen. Recognize the characteristic diagnostic form demonstrated. State the identifying feature supporting the diagnosis.
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Laboratory Identification of Common Parasites
🌍 Station 10 — Identification of Communicable Disease Models and Prevention
Learning Outcomes Identify the communicable disease represented by the provided model. Identify the important signs/features demonstrated by the model. State the major complication(s) and relevant preventive measures.
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Identification of Communicable Disease Models and Prevention
🧪🔬 AIM OSPE/OSCE Lab — Infection & Inflammation Module | 3rd Year MBBS
AIM OSCE / OSPE • MBBS

🔬 Station 2 — Microscopic Identification of Chronic and Granulomatous Inflammation

Rapid Revision • Microscopic Recognition • Viva

🎯 Task

CANDIDATE TASK

Examine the provided histopathology slide. Identify the inflammatory pattern, describe its important microscopic cellular features and arrangement, and state how it differs from acute inflammation.

⚡ Model Station Answer — What to say in the exam

Identification: The slide shows chronic granulomatous inflammation.
Key features: Aggregates of epithelioid macrophages form granulomas, often with multinucleated giant cells and a peripheral rim of lymphocytes.
Chronic inflammation: The infiltrate is mainly mononuclear—macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells—with associated tissue injury and possible fibrosis.
Distinction from acute inflammation: Acute inflammation is predominantly neutrophilic, whereas chronic inflammation is predominantly mononuclear.

🔎 Stepwise Procedure / Approach

  1. Start at low power: assess the overall tissue architecture and distribution of the inflammatory infiltrate.
  2. Decide whether the infiltrate is mononuclear or neutrophilic: predominance of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages supports chronic inflammation.
  3. Look for granulomas: identify discrete rounded or nodular collections of activated macrophages.
  4. Examine the granuloma at higher power: look for epithelioid histiocytes with abundant pale eosinophilic cytoplasm.
  5. Search for multinucleated giant cells: note whether nuclei are peripheral or irregularly distributed without over-interpreting the cause.
  6. Assess the surrounding zone: look for peripheral lymphocytes and, where present, fibrosis or central necrosis.
  7. State the inflammatory pattern: conclude chronic inflammation or chronic granulomatous inflammation according to the demonstrated morphology.
  8. Differentiate from acute inflammation: emphasize mononuclear cells versus the predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate of acute inflammation.

🖼️ Visual Learning

VISUAL 1

Chronic Inflammation, Granuloma Architecture and Acute–Chronic Comparison

 

🎥 Practical Video

Granulomatous Inflammation: Causes, Pathogenesis and Morphology
Source: Dr. Shweta Rana Khokhar • YouTube medical teaching channel

Focus on the morphology of granulomas, epithelioid cells, giant cells, caseating versus non-caseating patterns and the features used for microscopic identification.

▶ Watch Practical Video

📝 Important Viva Questions

Q1. Which inflammatory cells predominate in chronic inflammation?

Answer: Macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells are the major cells of chronic inflammation.

Q2. What is a granuloma?

Answer: A granuloma is a localized collection of activated macrophages, mainly epithelioid histiocytes, often surrounded by lymphocytes and containing multinucleated giant cells.

Q3. What are epithelioid cells?

Answer: They are activated macrophages with abundant pale eosinophilic cytoplasm that acquire an epithelial-like appearance.

Q4. Name two types of multinucleated giant cells seen in granulomatous inflammation.

Answer: Langhans-type giant cells and foreign-body-type giant cells.

Q5. How are nuclei arranged in a Langhans giant cell?

Answer: The nuclei are commonly arranged toward the periphery, often in a horseshoe or arc-like pattern.

Q6. What is the main microscopic difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

Answer: Acute inflammation is predominantly neutrophilic, whereas chronic inflammation is predominantly composed of mononuclear cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Q7. Does every granuloma show central necrosis?

Answer: No. Central necrosis may occur in some granulomas, such as caseating granulomas, but many granulomas are non-necrotizing.

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