Course Content
🔬 Station 1 — Identification of Lipoma
Learning Outcomes Identify a lipoma from a provided gross specimen/image or histopathology slide. Identify the key morphological features supporting the diagnosis. Differentiate the lesion from an obviously malignant soft-tissue lesion when asked.
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Identification of Lipoma
🔬 Station 2 — Identification of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Learning Outcomes Identify squamous cell carcinoma from a provided gross/microscopic specimen. Recognize the important morphological features of squamous differentiation. State the diagnosis from the findings provided.
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Identification of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
🔬 Station 3 — Fibroadenoma of Breast: Gross & Microscopic Identification
Learning Outcomes Identify fibroadenoma from a gross specimen or histological image. Recognize the important gross and microscopic points of identification. Give the final pathological identification.
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Fibroadenoma of Breast: Gross & Microscopic Identification
🧬 Station 4 — Karyogram Preparation & Chromosomal Abnormality Identification
Learning Outcomes Arrange chromosomes appropriately to prepare a karyogram. Determine chromosomal sex from the karyogram. Identify a common numerical chromosomal abnormality from a provided karyogram.
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Karyogram Preparation & Chromosomal Abnormality Identification
⚗️ Station 5 — Tissue Organ Bath: Identification, Setup & Tyrode Solution
Learning Outcomes Identify the major components of a tissue organ bath. State the function of the important components. Identify the constituents/purpose of Tyrode's solution. Demonstrate the basic placement/fixation of isolated ileal tissue in the organ bath.
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Tissue Organ Bath: Identification, Setup & Tyrode Solution
📈 Station 6 — Acetylcholine Dose–Response & Ceiling Effect
Learning Outcomes Demonstrate the effect of increasing doses of acetylcholine on isolated rabbit ileum. Recognize the ceiling effect. Interpret a provided tracing/dose-response recording. Plot or interpret the corresponding dose-response graph.
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Acetylcholine Dose–Response & Ceiling Effect
📉 Station 7 — Competitive Antagonism on Isolated Rabbit Ileum
Learning Outcomes Demonstrate/recognize surmountable antagonism using an agonist and antagonist. Interpret the experimental tracing. Explain the change in response after addition of the antagonist. Identify the pharmacological relationship demonstrated.
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Competitive Antagonism on Isolated Rabbit Ileum
👁️ Station 8 — Rabbit Eye Pharmacology: Identify the Unknown Drug
Learning Outcomes Assess/interpret pupil size, conjunctival appearance, corneal reflex and light reflex. Compare the test eye with the control eye. Interpret the pattern produced by an autonomic or local anaesthetic drug. Identify the most likely unknown drug from the observed findings.
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Rabbit Eye Pharmacology: Identify the Unknown Drug
📝 Station 9 — Medico-Legal Autopsy Report
Learning Outcomes Review supplied postmortem findings systematically. Complete the important components of an autopsy report. Formulate an appropriate final opinion from the supplied findings.
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Medico-Legal Autopsy Report
🧪 Station 10 — Toxicology Sample Collection & Preservation
Learning Outcomes Select the appropriate viscera/specimens required for toxicological examination. Select the appropriate preservative/container. Demonstrate or describe correct collection, labelling and handling of the sample. State essential precautions before dispatch.
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Toxicology Sample Collection & Preservation
⚰️ Station 11 — Identification of Postmortem Changes
Learning Outcomes Identify the postmortem change demonstrated on a model/image/specimen. Describe its characteristic features. Differentiate commonly confused postmortem changes where appropriate. State its basic medico-legal significance, particularly in relation to time since death.
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Identification of Postmortem Changes
🚑 Station 12 — Gastric Lavage / Stomach Wash on Manikin
Learning Outcomes Prepare the equipment required for gastric lavage. Demonstrate the correct sequence of gastric lavage on a manikin. Maintain patient safety and correct positioning during the procedure. Recognize situations in which the procedure should not be attempted.
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Gastric Lavage / Stomach Wash on Manikin
🧪🔬 AIM OSPE/OSCE Lab — Multisystem-I Module | 3rd Year MBBS
AIM OSCE / OSPE • MBBS

⚗️ Station 5 — Tissue Organ Bath: Identification, Setup & Tyrode Solution

Rapid Revision • Practical Skills • Viva

🎯 Task

CANDIDATE TASK

Examine the apparatus and solution provided. Identify the important components, state their functions and the constituents/purpose of the physiological solution, then demonstrate how an isolated ileal segment would be mounted in the setup.

⚡ Model Station Answer

⚡ MODEL STATION ANSWER

Identification: This is a tissue organ bath used to study responses of an isolated tissue to drugs.

Setup: The ileal segment is immersed in warm, aerated physiological solution, with one end fixed to the tissue holder and the other connected to a recording lever or force transducer.

Tyrode solution: It contains NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, MgCl₂, NaHCO₃, NaH₂PO₄ and glucose in water and provides a physiological ionic environment for tissue viability.

Function: Temperature control, aeration and recording mechanisms allow contraction or relaxation of the isolated tissue to be observed.

🔎 Stepwise Procedure / Approach

  1. Identify the main apparatus. Locate the organ bath chamber, physiological-solution reservoir, aeration system, tissue holder and recording lever/transducer.
  2. Check the bathing solution. Fill the tissue chamber with Tyrode solution and maintain it at an appropriate physiological temperature according to the practical setup.
  3. Aerate the solution. Ensure continuous gentle bubbling so that the isolated tissue remains adequately oxygenated and the solution is mixed.
  4. Prepare the ileal segment. Use a suitable isolated segment with threads securely tied to both ends without crushing the tissue.
  5. Fix the lower end. Attach one end of the ileum to the fixed tissue hook inside the organ bath.
  6. Connect the upper end. Attach the other end to the recording lever or force transducer, keeping the tissue vertically suspended and completely immersed.
  7. Apply gentle resting tension. Adjust the recording system according to the practical protocol without overstretching the tissue.
  8. Allow stabilization. Maintain warm, aerated Tyrode solution and allow the preparation to equilibrate before recording drug-induced responses.
Exam point: The tissue should be suspended freely in the solution and must not be crushed, overstretched or allowed to dry.

🖼️ Visual Learning

VISUAL 1

Tissue Organ Bath — Components, Ileum Mounting & Tyrode Solution

🎥 Practical Video

🎥 Practical Demonstration — Organ Bath Pharmacology

King’s College London

Demonstrates the organ bath setup, calibration and practical use of an isolated-tissue system, helping you recognize how the apparatus is assembled and used to record tissue responses.


▶ Watch Practical Video

📝 Important Viva Questions

Q1. What is a tissue organ bath?

Answer: It is an apparatus used to maintain an isolated living tissue under controlled conditions so its response to drugs or other stimuli can be recorded.

Q2. Why is Tyrode solution used in an isolated ileum experiment?

Answer: It provides a physiological ionic and nutrient environment that helps maintain the viability and normal activity of the isolated tissue.

Q3. Name the main constituents of Tyrode solution.

Answer: NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, MgCl₂, NaHCO₃, NaH₂PO₄ and glucose dissolved in water.

Q4. How is an isolated ileal segment attached in the organ bath?

Answer: One end is tied to a fixed tissue hook and the other to a recording lever or force transducer while the tissue remains immersed in physiological solution.

Q5. What is the purpose of aerating the organ bath?

Answer: Aeration helps maintain tissue oxygenation and promotes adequate mixing of the bathing solution.

Q6. Why is temperature control important?

Answer: Isolated tissue function is temperature-sensitive, so maintaining an appropriate physiological temperature helps preserve stable and reproducible responses.

Q7. What does the recording lever or force transducer measure?

Answer: It detects and records changes in tissue contraction or relaxation produced spontaneously or following administration of a drug.

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