📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage

🔬 Pathology

• Describe the following metabolic diseases of bone from the pathological point of view:
  • Osteopenia and osteoporosis
  • Paget disease (osteitis deformans
  • Osteomalacia and rickets

💊 Pharmacology

• Describe the clinical applications of NSAIDs in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

🔹 Pharmacology — Drugs Affecting Bone and Mineral Homeostasis

• Classify drugs used in metabolic bone disorders.
• Enlist calcium preparations.
• Describe the clinical uses of calcium salts.
• Enlist vitamin D preparations.
• Describe the actions of vitamin D on the intestine, kidney and bone.
• Describe the clinical uses of vitamin D.
• Describe the mechanism of action, clinical uses and adverse effects of bisphosphonates.
• Describe the mechanism of action, clinical uses and adverse effects of calcitonin.
• Classify drugs used to treat osteoporosis.
• Explain the mechanism of action of the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene and the RANK-ligand inhibitor denosumab.

🌍 Community Medicine

• Describe ergonomics.
• Describe the principles and importance of ergonomics at the workplace.
• Explain the epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders.
• Discuss prevention and control strategies for musculoskeletal disorders.

🔹 Community Medicine — Disability and Metabolic Bone Disease Prevention

• Explain the types of rehabilitation.
• Discuss the public-health issues faced by persons with disability.
• Describe measures required for rehabilitation.
• Discuss the epidemiology and prevention of osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets.

🩺 Medicine

• Describe osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
• List the common causes and risk factors of osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
• Discuss the clinical features and differential diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
• Enlist investigations for patients presenting with osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
• Describe Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia and develop its management plan.

👶 Pediatrics

• Discuss common causes of bone aches and pains, including growing pains in children.
• Discuss the causation, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, radiological findings and prevention of nutritional rickets.
• Discuss the clinical features and differential diagnosis of:
  • Achondroplasia
  • Osteopetrosis
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta

🔁 Basic Science Spiral Link

• Discuss important anatomical characteristics of the musculoskeletal system.
• Discuss important physiological characteristics of the musculoskeletal system.

• Regional Anatomy Reinforcement

  • Describe the anatomy of the orbit.
  • Describe the anatomy of the eyeball.

  Explain the anatomy of the ear.