KMU Past Paper Practice

Question:
A 52-year-old malnourished man develops separation of the margins of an abdominal surgical wound one week after an operation. There is no major collection of pus. Which disturbance most directly contributed to this complication?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Inadequate collagen formation at the wound

Explanation:
Wound dehiscence results from inadequate tensile strength, commonly due to defective collagen synthesis, malnutrition, infection or excessive mechanical stress.

Question:
A young woman develops a raised scar after an ear-piercing injury. The scar extends beyond the original wound margins and continues to enlarge. Which wound-healing complication is most likely?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Keloid formation

Explanation:
A keloid is an excessive collagenous scar that grows beyond the boundaries of the original injury, unlike a hypertrophic scar confined to the wound.

Question:
A traumatic wound remains swollen, painful and purulent. Microscopy continues to show abundant neutrophils with little granulation tissue. Which effect of infection best explains the delayed repair?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Prolongation of inflammation and tissue injury

Explanation:
Infection sustains neutrophilic inflammation, increases tissue destruction and interferes with fibroblast activity, angiogenesis and collagen deposition.

Question:
During scar maturation, extracellular matrix is continuously reorganized without uncontrolled destruction of the newly formed scar. Which biochemical balance is mainly responsible for this controlled remodelling?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors

Explanation:
Matrix metalloproteinases degrade selected matrix components, while their inhibitors limit this activity and permit controlled scar remodelling.

Question:
A superficial abrasion is covered by a dry scab. Beneath it, epithelial cells are moving from the wound edges across the defect. Which process is being demonstrated?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Re-epithelialization

Explanation:
Re-epithelialization occurs when surviving epithelial cells migrate and proliferate across the wound surface beneath the protective scab.

Question:
Following an assault, a man has a laceration over the scalp. The wound does not expose the underlying skull bone. Under the classification of shajjah, which category is most appropriate?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Shajjah-i-khafifah

Explanation:
Shajjah-i-khafifah is a hurt of the head or face in which the bone is not exposed.

Question:
A blow to the face produces a wound with fracture of the underlying bone, but the fractured fragments remain in their normal position. Which category best fits this injury?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Shajjah-i-hashimah

Explanation:
Shajjah-i-hashimah involves fracture of the underlying bone without displacement of the fractured fragments.

Question:
A head injury fractures the skull, ruptures the membrane covering the brain and extends into the brain tissue. Which type of shajjah is most appropriate?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Shajjah-i-damighah

Explanation:
Shajjah-i-damighah is the most severe shajjah category, in which the cranial membrane is ruptured and the brain is reached or affected.

Question:
A victim has a small penetrating chest injury that produces massive internal bleeding and circulatory collapse. Which general medicolegal description is most appropriate?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Dangerous to life because of its physiological effect

Explanation:
Legal seriousness depends on depth, structures damaged and physiological consequences; a small external wound may still endanger life.

Question:
A court is considering a type of hurt for which the law has already specified a fixed amount of compensation. Which term applies to this payment?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Arsh

Explanation:
Arsh is compensation whose amount is specified by law for particular categories of hurt.

Question:
An offender is sentenced by the court to imprisonment for causing hurt where a discretionary state punishment is legally applicable. Which term best describes this punishment?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Tazir

Explanation:
Tazir is a punishment imposed by the state or court and may include imprisonment where authorized by law.

Question:
A man dies as a result of an unlawful injury. The court applies the legally prescribed financial compensation associated with death. Which term is most appropriate?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Diyat

Explanation:
Diyat is the legally prescribed compensation applicable to death in cases where the relevant legal requirements are fulfilled.

Question:
A severely injured patient is brought to a small health facility that lacks definitive surgical services. After initial assessment, what action best follows the principles of the Injured Persons Medical Aid Act?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Stabilize the patient and arrange appropriate transfer

Explanation:
A facility without definitive services should provide essential stabilization and then arrange safe referral or transfer without avoidable delay.

Question:
A casualty doctor begins life-saving treatment immediately in a bleeding assault victim. Which accompanying action best protects the later medico-legal value of the examination?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Document the initial findings and treatment accurately

Explanation:
Prompt documentation preserves objective evidence while allowing treatment to proceed without delay.

Question:
A worker develops a chronic respiratory illness after prolonged exposure to harmful dust during employment. There is no single traumatic event. Which principle makes the condition potentially compensable?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Occupational disease may arise from workplace exposure

Explanation:
A disease caused by a recognized occupational exposure may be treated as employment-related when the legal requirements are satisfied.

Question:
A construction worker fractures his leg at work and is unable to perform his job for three months. He is expected to recover fully. Which category best describes his incapacity?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Temporary disability

Explanation:
Temporary disability reduces work capacity for a limited period and is followed by expected recovery.

Question:
A machine operator permanently loses two fingers but remains capable of performing lighter work. Which category best represents the resulting disability?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Permanent partial disability

Explanation:
A permanent impairment that reduces but does not completely abolish work capacity is permanent partial disability.

Question:
A worker sustains a severe spinal injury during employment and is left with a lasting condition that prevents him from performing work within the legal meaning. Which disability category applies?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Permanent total disability

Explanation:
Permanent total disability is a lasting condition that prevents the worker from performing work within the applicable legal definition.

Question:
A man receives a forceful blow to the chest. The skin remains intact, but an underlying rib is fractured and the lung is bruised. Which term most appropriately describes the total bodily harm?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Injury

Explanation:
Injury is the broad medical term for bodily harm and includes internal damage even when the skin remains intact.

Question:
Histochemical examination of tissue taken farthest from the edge of a wound shows preserved architecture and near-normal enzyme activity. Which injury zone has most likely been sampled?

Options:

Correct Answer:
Peripheral preserved zone

Explanation:
The peripheral zone lies away from the direct trauma and therefore shows relatively preserved structure and metabolic activity.