📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage

💊 Pharmacology

Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists

• Classify sympatholytic drugs (adrenoceptor antagonists) on the basis of spectrum of adrenoceptors they affect.
• Name the prototype α-blocker.
• Name the α-blocker having more specificity for prostate muscle.
• Describe the mechanism of action of α-blockers.
• Describe the organ system effects of α-blockers with special reference to their effects on receptors.
• Describe the phenomenon of epinephrine reversal.
• Describe the clinical uses of α-blockers.
• Describe the adverse effects of α-blockers.

Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists

• Name the prototype β-blocker.
• Enlist the β-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (partial agonist activity).
• Enlist the β-blockers with membrane stabilizing activity (Na channel-blocking activity).
• Enlist the β-blockers which have proved to be inverse agonists.
• Enlist the β-blockers which are relatively safe in chronic stable heart failure.
• Enlist the β-blockers which are relatively safe in asthmatic patients.
• Describe the pharmacokinetics of propranolol.
• Describe the mechanism of action of β-blockers.
• Describe the organ system effects of β-blockers with special reference to their effects on receptors.
• Describe the clinical uses of β-blockers.
• Describe β-blockers used in the management of glaucoma.
• Describe stage fright and name the β-blocker used for its management.
• Describe the adverse effects of β-blockers.
• Name the antidote for β-blockers’ toxicity.
• Enlist the contraindications of β-blockers.
• Describe the limitations of beta-blockers in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemias, Bronchial Asthma and peripheral arterial disease.

Mixed Adrenoceptor Antagonists

• Enlist mixed adrenoceptor antagonists (Labetalol and Carvedilol).
• Describe the clinical uses of mixed adrenoceptor antagonists.