Course Content
🧬 Theme I — Molecules and Bacteria
📘 Topic 1 — Foundations of Pharmacology, Drug Sources, Routes, Absorption and Bioavailability
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📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 2 — Drug Distribution, Biotransformation and Pharmacogenetic Variation
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 3 — Drug Excretion, Dosage Regimens and Pharmacokinetic Principles
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 4 — Pharmacodynamics, Drug Receptors and Dose–Response Relationships
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 5 — Drug Interactions, Altered Drug Response, Adverse Reactions and Drug Development
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 6 — Cellular Foundations, Bacterial Classification, Structure, Growth and Genetics
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 7 — Laboratory Diagnosis, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Prevention of Bacterial Disease
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 8 — Forensic Medicine, Medical Law, Professionalism and Patient Safety
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 9 — Foundations of ENT and Ophthalmology: Refractive and Lacrimal Disorders
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 10 — Health, Disease, Prevention, Primary Health Care and Health Systems
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
🧬 Theme II — Aging and Death
📘 Topic 11 — Cellular Injury: Causes, Mechanisms and Subcellular Responses
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 12 — Cellular Adaptation, Necrosis, Apoptosis and Cellular Ageing
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 13 — Intracellular Accumulations, Steatosis, Pigments and Pathologic Calcification
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 14 — Thanatology, Diagnosis of Death and Death Certification
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 15 — Cataract: Pathogenesis, Types, Complications and Management
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 16 — Health Research, Health Systems and General Practice
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
Foundation-II Module — 3rd Year MBBS

📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage

💊 Pharmacology

 

💊 Pharmacology

Foundations of Pharmacology

  • Define Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology, Therapeutics, drug, medicine, pro-drugs, prototype drugs, Materia Medica, pharmacopoeia, formulary, national formulary, poisons, toxins, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, excipient, compounding and dispensing.
  • Describe the branches of Pharmacology including Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, toxicology and posology.
  • Define prescription drugs, OTC drugs, WHO essential drugs and orphan drugs with examples.
  • Describe chemical, generic, approved, official and trade names of drugs with examples.

Sources and Active Principles of Drugs

  • Enlist the various sources of drugs.
  • Give examples of drugs obtained from plants, animals, minerals and synthetic sources.
  • Describe genetic engineering as a source of drugs with examples.
  • Enlist important active principles of crude drugs with examples.

Routes of Drug Administration

  • Enlist the various routes of drug administration.
  • Describe the merits and demerits of oral, sublingual, rectal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intra-arterial, inhalational, spinal, topical and transdermal routes.
  • Give examples of drugs administered through the major routes.
  • Differentiate between topical and transdermal administration.
  • Differentiate between subcutaneous and intradermal administration.

Drug Absorption and Bioavailability

  • Define drug absorption.
  • Describe simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, ion-pair transport, endocytosis and filtration with examples.
  • Explain ionization of drug molecules and the clinical significance of ion trapping.
  • Describe factors affecting drug absorption.
  • Define bioavailability, bioequivalence and pharmaceutical equivalence.
  • Explain the time-concentration curve and area under the curve.
  • Describe factors affecting bioavailability.
  • Describe hepatic first-pass effect and its clinical significance.

Define enterohepatic circulation and describe its clinical significance with examples.

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