Course Content
🧬 Theme I — Molecules and Bacteria
📘 Topic 1 — Foundations of Pharmacology, Drug Sources, Routes, Absorption and Bioavailability
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📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 2 — Drug Distribution, Biotransformation and Pharmacogenetic Variation
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 3 — Drug Excretion, Dosage Regimens and Pharmacokinetic Principles
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 4 — Pharmacodynamics, Drug Receptors and Dose–Response Relationships
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 5 — Drug Interactions, Altered Drug Response, Adverse Reactions and Drug Development
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 6 — Cellular Foundations, Bacterial Classification, Structure, Growth and Genetics
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 7 — Laboratory Diagnosis, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Prevention of Bacterial Disease
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 8 — Forensic Medicine, Medical Law, Professionalism and Patient Safety
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 9 — Foundations of ENT and Ophthalmology: Refractive and Lacrimal Disorders
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 10 — Health, Disease, Prevention, Primary Health Care and Health Systems
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
🧬 Theme II — Aging and Death
📘 Topic 11 — Cellular Injury: Causes, Mechanisms and Subcellular Responses
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 12 — Cellular Adaptation, Necrosis, Apoptosis and Cellular Ageing
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 13 — Intracellular Accumulations, Steatosis, Pigments and Pathologic Calcification
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 14 — Thanatology, Diagnosis of Death and Death Certification
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 15 — Cataract: Pathogenesis, Types, Complications and Management
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 16 — Health Research, Health Systems and General Practice
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
Foundation-II Module — 3rd Year MBBS

📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage

🔬 Pathology

 

Foundations of Cell Injury

  • Define disease, etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, cell injury and homeostasis in the context of pathology.
  • Enumerate the different classes of pathology.
  • Describe the causes of cell injury ranging from gross physical trauma to single-gene defects.
  • Describe how the nature and severity of injury determine cellular responses.

Mechanisms of Cell Injury

  • Describe the general biochemical mechanisms of cell injury.
  • Describe ischemic and hypoxic cell injury.
  • Describe ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  • Describe free radical-induced cell injury.
  • Describe chemical cell injury.
  • Differentiate between reversible and irreversible cell injury.
  • Describe the mechanisms, morphological changes, biochemical changes and functional alterations associated with reversible and irreversible cell injury.

Subcellular Responses to Injury

  • Define phagocytosis, endocytosis, pinocytosis, autophagy and heterophagy.

Describe subcellular responses to injury, including lysosomal catabolism, heterophagy and autophagy.

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