Course Content
🧬 Theme I — Molecules and Bacteria
📘 Topic 1 — Foundations of Pharmacology, Drug Sources, Routes, Absorption and Bioavailability
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📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 2 — Drug Distribution, Biotransformation and Pharmacogenetic Variation
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 3 — Drug Excretion, Dosage Regimens and Pharmacokinetic Principles
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 4 — Pharmacodynamics, Drug Receptors and Dose–Response Relationships
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 5 — Drug Interactions, Altered Drug Response, Adverse Reactions and Drug Development
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 6 — Cellular Foundations, Bacterial Classification, Structure, Growth and Genetics
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 7 — Laboratory Diagnosis, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Prevention of Bacterial Disease
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 8 — Forensic Medicine, Medical Law, Professionalism and Patient Safety
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 9 — Foundations of ENT and Ophthalmology: Refractive and Lacrimal Disorders
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 10 — Health, Disease, Prevention, Primary Health Care and Health Systems
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
🧬 Theme II — Aging and Death
📘 Topic 11 — Cellular Injury: Causes, Mechanisms and Subcellular Responses
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 12 — Cellular Adaptation, Necrosis, Apoptosis and Cellular Ageing
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 13 — Intracellular Accumulations, Steatosis, Pigments and Pathologic Calcification
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 14 — Thanatology, Diagnosis of Death and Death Certification
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 15 — Cataract: Pathogenesis, Types, Complications and Management
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
📘 Topic 16 — Health Research, Health Systems and General Practice
0/7
📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage
📖 Step 2 — Problem-Based Integrated Learning Material
🧪Step 3 — Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩Step 4 — Concept Integration
📝Step 5 — KMU Past Papers & Exam Learning
🎯Step 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠Step 7 Student Memory Support
Foundation-II Module — 3rd Year MBBS

📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage

🔬 Pathology

 

Cellular Adaptation

  • Describe the types of cellular adaptations.
  • Differentiate between physiological and pathological adaptation.
  • Define hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy and metaplasia.
  • Describe the causes and mechanisms of hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy and metaplasia.
  • Describe adaptive changes in clinical settings.
  • Describe hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum with examples and mitochondrial alterations.
  • Describe cytoskeletal abnormalities in pathological states with examples.

Necrosis

  • Define necrosis.
  • Describe the types of necrosis with examples.
  • Describe the mechanisms and morphology of necrosis.

Apoptosis

  • Define apoptosis.
  • Describe physiological and pathological causes of apoptosis with examples.
  • Describe the morphological alterations associated with apoptosis.
  • Describe the biochemical features of apoptosis.
  • Describe the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis.
  • Differentiate between necrosis and apoptosis.
  • Describe the role of apoptosis in health and disease.

Cellular Ageing

  • Describe the mechanisms and causes of cellular ageing.
  • Explain genetic and environmental influences on cellular ageing.

Describe the structural and biochemical changes associated with cellular ageing.

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