📘Step 1. Curriculum Coverage

🦠 Microbiology

Laboratory Diagnosis

• Describe the bacteriological approach to diagnosis using blood, throat, stool, sputum, spinal fluid, urine, genital-tract and wound cultures.
• Describe general principles of immunological and nucleic-acid-based methods used for identification of microorganisms.

Bacterial Pathogenesis

• Define pathogen, infection, virulence, communicable disease, endemic, epidemic, pandemic, carrier, opportunist, commensal and colonizer.
• Describe stages and determinants of bacterial pathogenesis.
• Describe colonization, invasion, toxins and immune-pathogenesis.
• Differentiate exotoxins and endotoxins.
• Describe their modes of action as specified in the KMU curriculum.
• Describe the four stages of a typical infectious disease.
• Explain Koch’s postulates for establishing the causal role of an organism.

Antibacterial Vaccines

• Define immunization and vaccination.
• Describe active and passive acquired immunity in relation to immunization.
• Enlist current bacterial vaccines and their indications.
• Describe bacterial vaccines in terms of composition, preparation, indications, routes of administration and common side effects.