Course Content
🔵 THEME 1 — Painful Swallowing
Focuses on anatomy, physiology, and disorders related to swallowing, including oral cavity, salivary glands, esophagus, and neural regulation of deglutition.
Topic 1 — Oral Cavity and Tongue
Covers structure, development, and histology of oral cavity and tongue with clinical relevance to swallowing.
0/8
Oral Cavity and Tongue: Structure, Development and Histology
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 2 — Salivary Glands
Salivary Glands: Structure, Development and Secretory Function
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 3 — Esophagus
Esophagus: Structure, Development and Histology
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 4 — GI Motility and Swallowing
Gastrointestinal Motility, Swallowing and Neural Regulation
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 5 — Swallowing Disorders
Disorders of Swallowing and Esophageal Function
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
🔵 THEME 2 — Pain Epigastrium
Focus: Structural, functional, and clinical basis of epigastric pain. Includes abdominal wall, peritoneum, stomach, pancreas, gastric secretion, and peptic ulcer disease.
Topic 6 – Anterior Abdominal Wall
Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 7 – Peritoneum
Peritoneum and Peritoneal Spaces
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 8 – Stomach
Stomach: Structure, Blood Supply and Development
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 Step 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 9 – Duodenum
Duodenum and Pancreas: Structure and Development
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 Step 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 10 – Gastric Motility
Gastric Motility and Gastric Emptying
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 Step 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 11 – Gastric Secretion
Gastric Secretion and Acid Production
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 Step 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 12 – Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease, Gastric Disorders and Pancreatic Disease
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
🔵 Theme 3 — Jaundice
Topic 13-Liver: Gross Anatomy, Peritoneal Relations and Portal Circulation
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 14 – Gall Bladder, Biliary Tree and Spleen
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 15 – Development of Liver, Gall Bladder and Pancreatic System
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 16 – Histology of Liver and Spleen
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 17 – Liver and Pancreatic Physiology with Bile Secretion
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 18 – Liver Diseases, Hepatitis, Drug Metabolism and Obstructive Jaundice
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
🔵 Theme 4 — Diarrhoea and Constipation
Topic 19 – Jejunum, Ileum and Mesentery: Gross Anatomy
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
Step 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 20 – Appendix and Abdominal Vessels with Lymphatic Drainage
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 21 – Development of Midgut and Mesenteries
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 22 – Histological Organization of Small Intestine and Appendix
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 23 – Small Intestinal Motility, Secretion and Hormonal Regulation
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
Step 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 24 – Digestion, Absorption and Nutritional Metabolism
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 25 – Diarrhoea, Constipation and Gastrointestinal Disorders
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
🔵 Theme 5 — Bleeding Per Rectum
Topic 26 – Large Intestine, Rectum and Anal Canal: Gross Anatomy
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 27 – Development of Hindgut and Histological Organization of Large Intestine
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 28 – Colonic Movements, Defecation and Large Intestinal Secretion
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 29 – Vomiting, Gastrointestinal Obstruction and Intestinal Secretions
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 30 – Colorectal Carcinoma and Surgical Management
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 — Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
🔵 Theme 6 — Glucose Control (Carbohydrate Metabolism)
Topic 31 – Energy Production Pathways: TCA Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 32 – Glycolysis, Pyruvate Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 33 – Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (Pentose Phosphate Pathway)
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 34 – Minor Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathways
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 35 – Glycogen Metabolism and Storage Disorders
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 36 – Integration of Carbohydrate Metabolism
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 37 – Clinical Integration of Carbohydrate Metabolism
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
🔵 Theme 7 — Obesity (Fat Metabolism)
Topic 38 – Fatty Acid Synthesis and Oxidation
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 39 – Ketone Body and Complex Lipid Metabolism
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 40 – Eicosanoid Metabolism and Inflammatory Mediators
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 41 – Cholesterol and Bile Acid Metabolism
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 42 – Lipoprotein Metabolism and Lipid Disorders
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 43 – Amino Acid Pool, Protein Catabolism and Urea Cycle
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 44 – Metabolism of Aromatic and Sulphur Containing Amino Acids
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Topic 45 – Metabolism of Individual Amino Acids
0/7
📘 1 Curriculum Coverage
📖 2 Learning Material
🧪 3 Pre-Assessment, Diagnosis & Guided Reasoning
🧩 4 Concept Integration
📝 5 KMU Past Papers
🎯 6 Post-Test Evaluation
🧠 7 Student Memory Support
Gastrointestinal System (GIT) — Year 2 MBBS

📘 Step 1 — Curriculum Coverage

This topic establishes the foundation of nitrogen metabolism, linking amino acid breakdown to urea formation.

🔹 Biochemistry

 

Amino Acid Pool

  • Formation of amino acid pool
    • Sources of amino acids entering the pool
    • Utilization of amino acids from pool

Protein Catabolism Processes

  • Transamination
    • Deamination
    • Transdeamination
  • Clinical importance of transaminases

Ammonia Formation and Transport

  • Formation of ammonia in tissues
    • Transport of ammonia to liver
  • Ammonia toxicity
    • Effects of ammonia toxicity on brain

Urea Cycle

  • Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle
  • Steps of urea formation
  • Enzymes involved in urea cycle
  • Clinical significance of urea cycle enzyme defects

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